The main consideration in design of the steering system is to produce pure rolling motion of the wheels while. Abstractthe project aimed at designing, analysing, fabrication and testing of steering and braking system for a student baja car and their integration in the whole vehicle. Design and optimization of steering system hardikkumar 2gadher1, tejashkumar patel, chirag modi3. What are the calculations required for a rack and pinion. Proposed design of knuckle is spindle type, in which, the frame and spindle is is made up of same or different material.
Acknowledgment we, the members of the group working on selection, modification and analysis of steering mechanism. Design procedure for the steering system design for the present vehicle the main aim was to minimize the turning radius for. Design and optimization of the steering system of a formula sae car using solidworks and lotus shark sadjyot biswal, aravind prasanth, m s dhiraj sakhamuri and shaurya selhi, member, iaeng t proceedings of the world congress on engineering 2016 vol ii wce 2016, june 29 july 1, 2016, london, u. A rack and pinion lift is composed of two gears and a rack and pinion. Jul 31, 2016 question as answered what are the calculations required for a rack and pinion steering system used in an allterrain vehicle. Alt fuel group, srdesign, 3 alternative fuel group pitman arm vs rack and pinion steering system pitman arm rack and pinion.
Design and fullcar tests of electric power steering system 737 torque sensor, which senses the drivers movements of the steering wheel as well as the movement of the vehicle. Design and optimization of the steering system of a. Design, analysis and fabrication of an effective steering. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods and design of experiments. Our group focused on a partial redesign of the chassis, suspension, steering, and drivetrain. Abstract the objective of steering system is to provide directional stability to the vehicle. A secondary design was made, that consisted of an extra idler. It is quite difficult to squeeze in entire steering design topic into a quora answer. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle. The formula student vehicles, the rate at which each wheel will turn. In order to design a good racing car, the conditions which the car will be exposed at has. To calculate the rack, travel the steer angle required and steering ratio need to be calculated.
Moreover, that design required large steering force inputs from the driver. A variableratio steering, is a system that uses different ratios on the rack, in a steering system. Major design modifications were made to the chassis, suspension, drivetrain, and steering. Eml2322l mae design and manufacturing laboratory drive wheel motor torque calculations. A virtual rack and pinion assembly can be created using software like solidworks and ansys. Jul 30, 2015 if you want to calculate steering ratio then consider the number of teeth given on rack and pinion. Let me tell you without understanding these basics the calculations pdf will be a bunch of formulas in front of you. For example, initial calculations may have indicated that a. The mechanical design of the steering system to produce correct toeout in the turn will also be discussed. The total tractive effort tte is the sum of the forces calculated in steps 1, 2, and 3. Selection, modification and analysis of steering mechanism. Design and fabrication of steering and bracking system for. Steering system design for an fsae car illinois institute of technology 6 2016 introduction in this document it is presented the design of a new steering system for the iit fsae race car developed each year at the illinois institute of technology. Since, in practice, the applications are very diverse, it is important to consider the given conditions by using appropriate factors s b, k a, l kh.
Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea. A steering mechanism is a mechanism that helps a vehicle to give direction, the normal standard steering systems available in the market are if ratio 16. The rear of the chassis was modified allowing for proper orientation of the drivetrain and suspension. Hydraulic calculationshydraulic system design calculations. This also al lows some flexibility in optimizing the power source as the design precedes. Calculations force calculations weight of the car 330kg now, considering the weight distribution as 40% on front side and as engine assembled at rear portion, so 60% weight at that portion. Abstractstudy on rule book prescribed for gokart, designing, fabrication and the methodology involved are studied in this paper. Calculations force calculations weight of the car 330kg now, considering the weight distribution as 40% on. Design and optimization of the steering system of a formula. Steering design for a formula saea open wheel race car. Steering geometry can be optimized by using mathematical model for ackerman condition for different inner wheel angles and select geometry for which percentange ackerman as well steering effort is optimum. Design of the steering system of an selu mini baja car. Design methodology for steering system of an atv dhiraj malu, nikhil katare, suraj runwal, saurabh ladhe mechanical, pune university, india. Estimate this angular value to begin the calculations.
In table 2, i added a 4 degree slip angle to the calculation as front slip angle. Alternative fuel group overview decision functional design fmea calculations manufacture. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea racer car a dissertation submitted by cristina elena popa in fulfilment of the requirements of courses eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering mechanical submitted. No single intersection point will result in true ackerman steering over the whole range, but by moving the intersect point in the longitudinal plane, you can come close in the normal range of steering angles. Design and fullcar tests of electric power steering system. Pdf this article focuses on the synthesis of a steering mechanism that exactly meets the requirements of ackermann steering geometry. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula sae.
However, that design implemented an unappreciable accuracy and cornering abilities. Once you have these things corrected, i think youll find your model to work much closer to what you expect. Tech 04 steer angles, ackerman and tire slip angles isma. Abstractthe project aimed at designing, analysing, fabrication and testing of steering and braking system for a. Steering design for a formula saea open wheel race car a dissertation submitted by leslie rayner in ful. This compromise allowed for the uprights to incorporate the necessary moment arm to achieve the maximum wheel angle based upon the selected steering rack. Ackerman steering geometry is used to change the dynamic toe setting, by increasing front wheel toe out as the car is turned into the corner. How to calculate steering system parameters like steering. Paper open access related content analysis of steering. Pressure mapping technology can help design engineers analyze how a human subject interacts. Tire characteristics tire friction and traction the first thing a tire must do is generate a force at the tire footprint which serves to accelerate, stop and turn your race car. Through different design events, students are able to show interest towards designing and how it can be fabricated. Cylindrical spur gears with standard profile cylindrical spur gears with corrected profile without centre distance variation with centre distance variation.
Abstract this dissertation documents a design project for the steering system for the. Shaft stress calculations shaft 1 diameter38 material. The design processes were started with preliminary study on the current steering knuckle component used for the previous including investigating the existing knuckle design especially from the published design of. Lets start by looking at how 1 end of the tie rod short parallel side of the trapezoid behaves as it moves from left to right. Design of steering system of formula student race car amberpreet singh student b. The selected design with all the calculations is given below. This mathematical model can be applied to rear wheel steering also. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula. Through the calculations we can find out that for a turn of maximum radius 4.
From, the above calculations the steering angles of the ackermann setup were 39. Target hydraulics make a list here for you learn and check when you design your hydraulic system hydraulic power pack unit or hydraulic components. Design and optimization of the steering system of a formula sae car using. Unit one steering system design 53 a4u1l3 figure 140 magnasteer steering column steering wheel position sensor the system also uses inputs such as handwheel position from the steering wheel position sensor shown in figure 140, wheelbase, understeer coefficient and steering ratio to calculate lateral acceleration. Special knowledge of noise emission analysis and vibration engineering our laboratory has the capabilities to carry out many different testing possibilities including microscopy, metallography, evaluation of mechanical properties, chemical.
A multiple piece steering rack housing design was chosen, but unlike the 2004 design, minimizing compliance was emphasized. The design of rack and pinion has been done by using. The steering geometry simulation works with front steer or rear steer setups. The design and manufacturing of the system was completed as per requirement and is currently under testing.
The very first step towards designing the steering system was selection of a proper compatible. Fixing the rack behind the axle line is better from. There are different types of steering systems front wheel steering system rare wheel steering system four wheel steering system four wheel steering system is arranged so that the front wheels roll without any lateral slip in this system, the front wheels are supported on front axle so that they can swing. Due to the ease in manufacturing, lower weight and.
The aim of design is produce reliable and durable steering knuckle for a racecar to overcome the previous years failure. Steering calculations trigonometric functions triangle scribd. The mechanical design of the steering system to produce correct toeout in the. Steering calculations steering motor vehicle scribd. In other hand ackerman steering compensates all necessities, so it is chosen among various systems. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension system.
So for obtaining different results we need to vary the parameters in order to obtain desired steering geometry. The design of steering knuckle component is done with the help of computer aided engineering cae. Steering design for a formula saea open wheel race car a dissertation submitted by. Racers are interested because of the potential to influence the handling of the car on corner entry and mid corner. The goal for this project was to design a steering system for the 2006 fsae car to address all the shortcomings of previous designs, yet retain the low cost, manufacturability, and low weight. On higher speed vehicles friction in drive components may warrant the addition of 10%15% to the total tractive. Kinematic analysis was performed during the design phase for the front and rear. Handbook for chain engineering design and construction. The material is used to design a frame of vehicle is al6061t6 whose properties are given in table 1. Design methodology of steering system for allterrain vehicles. Let me tell you without understanding these basics the calculations pdf will.
Target hydraulics assumes no liability for errors in data nor in safe andor satisfactory operation of equipment designed from this information. Design and fabrication of steering and bracking system for all terrain vehicle boby george, akhil t benny, albert john, aswin jose, denny francis. Design of steering geometry for formula student cars %. The design of steering system has an influence on the directional response behavior.
There are two axial load acting on the steering knuckle such as tensile load and. In an effort to remain within the allotted budget while also creating a working vehicle, the group aimed to recycle as much of the vehicle. The engineer can th en proceed with the design of the modules and elements that will transmit and utilize the power. International journal for research in applied science. How much force the tire generates to do these things is a. Design methodology of steering system for allterrain. Introduction the design of steering system has an influence on the directional response behavior of a motor vehicle. Relationship between the involute elements determination of base tooth thickness from a known thickness and viceversa. The comparison of resultis shown using tables which will help to design an effective steering for the vehicle. The ackermann principle as applied to steering automobile 2. The calculations for steering wheel toque as follows. It follows the run and rise of the circumference scribed by the steering arm nonparallel side of the trapezoid.
The steering rack can be dragged side to side with the mouse, or it can be moved with the scroll bar. The basic set up of an entire steering system is based on the ackerman geometrical calculations. This steering system had to also comply with all aspects section 3. You may be thinking what this guy is talking about, i just need the calculations. Acknowledgment we, the members of the group working on selection, modification and analysis of steering mechanism for an all terrain vehicle, would like to take this. Rack and pinion drive calculation and selection the values given in the load table are based upon uniform, smooth operation, k h. Design and simulation of manual rack and pinion steering system. Formulas for gear calculation external gears contents. Geometry, allterrain vehicle, tie rods, steering arm 1. Design of steering wheel force feedback system with focus on lane keeping assistance applied in driving simulator masters thesis in the systems control and mechatronics abolfazl tahmasebi inallu department of signals and systems division of automatic control, automation and mechatronics mechatronics group chalmers university of technology. For example, initial calculations may have indicated that a certain size motor was required, but in designing the. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension. Preliminary aim is to design a rack and pinion gearbox rpg which has desired steering ratio, zero play in the rpg and sensitive steering.